Management of Lipid Metabolism

Introduction

Recent studies have demonstrated that elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol (TC) levels and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are particularly significant risk factors for ischemic cerebrovascular disease—is the second leading cause of death after ischemic heart disease (IHD) . The pathophysiological basis of both diseases refers to atherosclerosis.

Other determinants, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), arterial hypertension, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption, are considered as risk factors not only for IHD but also for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Atherosclerotic processes begin even in childhood and are affected over the time as a result of a genetic tendency and environmental and modifiable risk factors throughout the life. Therefore, it is recommended to begin preventative measures early in life. Maintaining a normal body weight, having a healthy diet, and regular physical activities are key points for prevention of atherosclerosis in childhood. On the other hand, dietary supplements, medical treatment, and surgical procedures, which include carotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid artery stenting (CAS), and bypass surgery, are the treatment options for occlusive cerebrovascular diseases.

However, treatment recommendations have to be managed on a patient according to the current data and guidelines for restoring abnormal blood lipids to normal levels.