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Local anaesthetics
A number of anaesthetics are used routinely in clinical practice. Those most commonly used are all amino amides, which are very stable in solution and metabolised by the liver.
Amino amides
Lidocaine
Lidocaine is a short-acting local anaesthetic. It has a half-life of 1.5 hours and a duration of action of 3 hours. In recent in vitro studies, it was shown that the 1% and 2% strengths produce the greatest toxicity to chondrocytes and therefore should not be used for intraarticular injection. Lidocaine can be safely used to provide intradermal and subcutaneous analgesia.
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