Germ Cell Tumor

Introduction

• Description: Germ cell tumors contain cells that echo the three layers of embryonic tissue (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) or extraembryonic elements.

• Prevalence: Second most frequent ovarian neoplasm (25% of tumors) and the most common ovarian tumor in women younger than 30 years (70%).

• Predominant Age: Younger than 30 years; most common malignancy in women in their teens and 20s (75% of cases are in this age range).

• Genetics: No genetic pattern.

Etiology and Pathogenesis

• Causes: Unknown (may differentiate from primitive germ cells).

• Risk Factors: None known.

Signs and Symptoms

• Asymptomatic

• Ovarian enlargement (ovarian masses in premenarchal girls are most often germ cell tumors)

• Abdominal pain or fullness (tumor growth is rapid)

Diagnostic Approach