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a | N. olfactorius [I] |
b | N. opticus [II] |
c | N. oculomotorius [III] |
d | N. trochlearis [IV] |
e | N. trigeminus [V]
|
f | N. abducens [VI] |
g | N. facialis [VII] |
h | N. vestibulocochlearis [VIII] |
i | N. glossopharyngeus [IX] |
j | N. vagus [X] |
k | N. accessorius [XI] |
l | N. hypoglossus [XII] |
(GSE) | General somatic-efferent: innervation of the skeletal muscles (III, IV, VI, XII) |
(GVE) | General visceral-efferent: innervation of visceral and vascular smooth muscles and glands (III, VII, IX, X) |
(SVE) | Special visceral-efferent: innervation of the facial muscles, masticatory muscles, larynx, pharynx, oesophagus, M. sternocleidomastoideus, M. trapezius (V, VII, IX, X, XI) |
(GVA) | General visceral-afferent: information from viscera and blood vessels (IX, X) |
(SVA) | Special visceral-afferent: taste (VII, IX, X) |
(GSA) | General somatic-afferent: pain, temperature, information via mechanoreceptors of the skin and musculoskeletal system (V, VII, IX, X) |
(SSA) | Special somatic-afferent: smell, vision, hearing, equilibrium/balance (VIII) |
The Fila olfactoria are collectively known as the N. olfactorius . They constitute the peripheral neuron of the olfactory pathway.
Origin | olfactory cells of the Regio olfactoria |
Passage through the cranial base | Lamina cribrosa |
Passage through the dura mater | Lamina cribrosa |
Entry point into the brain | Bulbus olfactorius |
Innervation areas | mucosa (olfactory epithelium) at the roof of the nasal cavity, the upper nasal concha and the upper part of the nasal septum |
The N. opticus is not a peripheral nerve but a part of the diencephalon.
Origin | Stratum ganglionare of the retina |
Pathway in the dura mater | Vagina nervi optici |
Passage through the cranial base | Canalis opticus |
Other visible pathway | Chiasma opticum, continuation of fibres in the Tractus opticus, Corpus geniculatum laterale |
Innervation area | retina |
Nuclei (quality) |
|
Exit point from the brain | Fossa interpeduncularis of the mesencephalon |
Location in the subarachnoid space | Cisterna basalis, Cisterna interpeduncularis |
Entry point into the dura mater | roof of the Sinus cavernosus |
Exit point from the dura mater | Fissura orbitalis superior |
Passage through the cranial base | Fissura orbitalis superior (medial part, within the Anulus tendineus) |
Innervation areas | motor: M. levator palpebrae superioris, Mm. recti superior, medialis and inferior, M. obliquus inferior parasympathetic: M. ciliaris, M. sphincter pupillae (via Ganglion ciliare) |
Adjunct nerves | sensory fibres of the N. nasociliaris (V/1) sympathetic fibres of the Plexus ophthalmicus |
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