Cervical Polyps

Introduction

• Description: Cervical polyps are benign fleshy tumors that arise from the cells of the endocervical canal (most common) or the ectocervix.

• Prevalence: 4% of gynecologic patients, most common benign growth of the cervix.

• Predominant Age: 40s–50s (multiparous women). Ectocervical polyps predominate in postmenopausal women.

• Genetics: No genetic pattern.

Etiology and Pathogenesis

• Causes: Considered to arise because of inflammation and the focal hyperplasia and proliferation that it causes.

• Risk Factors: More common in multiparous women, history of cervical infection, oral contraceptive use.

Signs and Symptoms

• Asymptomatic (found on routine examination)

• Intermenstrual spotting

• Postcoital spotting

• Smooth, soft, reddish-purple to cherry-red, friable mass at the cervical os, varying from a few mm to 4 cm in size; may bleed when touched

• Leukorrhea (uncommon)

Diagnostic Approach