Otitis Externa Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations Otitis externa is an infection of the skin of the hairy and glabrous parts of the ear canal. Acute otitis externa (i.e., swimmer’s ear) is usually unilateral and is often associated with head immersion…
Acute Otitis Media Acute otitis media (AOM) remains one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases in early childhood. By 3 years of age, 60% of children will have experienced at least one episode of AOM, and 24% will have…
Infections related to the upper airways comprise peritonsillar, retropharyngeal, and parapharyngeal abscesses, as well as Lemierre syndrome and epiglottitis. Infections of the middle airways include croup (laryngotracheitis), laryngitis, bacterial tracheitis, and bronchitis. These conditions share the potential for respiratory compromise…
Acute pharyngitis is one of the most common illnesses for which children and adults in the US seek medical care. There were approximately 10.4 million visits to physician offices for pharyngitis in 2016. It is estimated that a rapid antigen…
Acknowledgments The author wishes to highlight the dominant contribution of J. Owen Hendley to our understanding of respiratory viruses and to this chapter. The pediatric infectious diseases community recognizes our great loss with his death. The common cold, also known…
Immediately following birth, the mouth has a substantial microflora living in symbiosis with a healthy host. , Molecular methods of 16S DNA amplification reveal a tremendously diverse bacterial environment, largely uncharacterized. Odontogenic Infections Tooth Infections Caries is the most prevalent…
Musculoskeletal pain is a common presenting complaint in young children and adolescents. The usual cause of musculoskeletal pain is trauma or strain to joint, bone, or muscle. Often, the etiology is never determined, and symptoms resolve with symptomatic treatment. The…
The child manifesting symptoms referable to the nervous system is challenging for the clinician and requires a thoughtful approach and evaluation. Often the presence of an infectious disease is not readily apparent. This chapter focuses on the most common presenting…
Acknowledgments The author acknowledges substantial use of the work of I. Kaur in the previous editions of this chapter. Approach To guide the clinical approach, abdominal pain is classified as either acute or chronic Acute abdominal pain demands rapid diagnosis…
Mucopurulent Rhinorrhea Mucopurulent rhinorrhea (i.e., purulent nasal discharge) denotes nasal discharge that is thick, opaque, and colored. It occurs at any age and usually is a manifestation of a self-limited and uncomplicated viral upper respiratory tract infection (URI). Mucopurulent rhinorrhea…