55.1 Introduction Large quantities of fluid are transported across epithelial barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for secretion of saliva, gastric juice, bile and pancreatic fluid, and for fluid absorption in the intestine. The quantity of fluid transported in the…
Abbreviations AMV apical membrane vesicles AA ascorbic acid BLM basolateral membrane BLMV basolateral membrane vesicles BBM brush-border membrane BBMV brush-border membrane vesicles CaM Ca/calmodulin ChIP chromatin immunoprecipitation Cbl cobalamin cKO conditional Knockout DHAA dehydro- l -ascorbic acid DIDS 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′-disulfonic acid…
Abbreviations CD36 cluster determinant 36 GGCX γ-carboxyglutamyl carboxylase MK Vitamin K 2 [represented by members of the menaquinones (MK) family] NPC1L1 Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 Phylloquinone Vitamin K 1 SR-BI scavenger receptor class B-type I UBIAD1 UbiA prenyltransferase-containing domain 1 Acknowledgment…
Abbreviations ABCA1 ATP binding cassette A1; ABCG1 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 ASBT apical sodium-bile acid transporter CD36 CD36 molecule NPC1L1 NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 SR-B1 scavenger receptor class B-type I SREBP2 sterol regulatory element binding…
51.1 Introduction Studies of Mellanby, McCollum, Steenbock, Windaus, and others earlier in the 20th century resulted in the discovery and characterization of an important new bioactive substance termed vitamin D. Although this vitamin was found to be produced in the…
Abbreviations ARAT acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase BCO1 β-carotene 15,15′-oxygenase BCO2 β-carotene 9′10′-oxygenase 2 CEL KO CEL knockout CEL carboxyl ester lipase CM chylomicrons CRBP cellular retinol-binding protein DGAT diacylglycerol acyltransferase KO knock out LRAT lecithin:retinol acyltransferase LUT lutein LYC lycopene OA oleic…
49.1 Major Pathways and Genes Involved in Intestinal Lipid Droplet Formation and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Assembly In summary overview, long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), whether monomeric or in the form of monoglycerides, represent the major substrate for the generation of triglyceride- rich…
Abbreviations ACSL acyl-CoA synthetase long chain ApoAI apolipoprotein AI ApoAIV apolipoprotein AIV ApoB48 apolipoprotein B48 Apobec-1 apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like COP coatomer proteins DAG diacylglycerol DGAT DAG acyltransferase ER endoplasmic reticulum FA fatty acid FABP FA-binding protein…
47.1 An Overview of Protein Digestion and Absorption Amino acids constitute an important class of nutrients obligatory for normal function and survival of mammalian cells. These amino acids are classified as essential and nonessential purely based on whether or not…
Acknowledgments We are indebted to our colleagues and collaborators who have made major contributions to our research on SGLTs, and grants from the National Institutes of Health that provided financial support. As in animals, humans need to eat, digest, and…