Abstract Neuroangiostrongyliasis (NAS), or rat lungworm disease (RLWD), is an important emerging infection spreading around the world. It is caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, a nematode parasite, and is the commonest parasitic cause of eosinophilic meningitis. Infection can also cause cranial…
Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus primarily transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti . Other commonly recognized transmission modes include sexual and intrauterine transmission. Following recognition of ZIKV transmission in Africa and Asia during the 1900s, outbreaks…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Jo Hoffman who contributed to the previous edition of this chapter. Abstract Tularemia is a zoonotic bacterial infection that occurs throughout the Northern hemisphere; it is caused by several subspecies of the…
Abstract Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, is a devastating disease for humans and animals, and one of the most important bioweapons. Though rare in the United States, natural anthrax exposure occurs sporadically worldwide. Anthrax most often manifests as cutaneous or…
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10 million persons developed TB during 2018, and approximately one-fourth of the world’s population, more than 2 billion persons, are infected with Mycobacterium…
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Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the work of our dear departed colleague Herbert B. Tanowitz on the previous edition chapter. Abstract Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. It is endemic in many…
Abstract Trichinellosis (trichinosis) is a parasitic infection caused by a roundworm of the Trichinella species. There are eight known species, and all are capable of causing human disease. The most common infections are caused by Trichinella spiralis , which can…
Abstract Within the genus Echinococcus , there are four species recognized: Echinococcus granulosus , Echinococcus multilocularis , Echinococcus vogeli , and Echinococcus oligarthrus . The larval cestodes of all four species can develop in the human host and can cause…
Abstract The filarial parasites covered in this chapter constitute a group of tissue-dwelling filarial nematodes that persist in the human host for years, causing damage to the lymphatic system that leads to elephantiasis and genital hydroceles (in the case of…