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Caput Succedaneum
Introduction
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Description: Caput succedaneum is a characteristic change in the apparent shape of the fetal head and scalp that results from the forces of labor acting on the fetal head and the surrounding tissues. This swelling is generally located on the portion of the fetal scalp that is directly under the cervical os.
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Prevalence: Typical of most vaginal vertex births. Similar swellings on the presenting part are formed with other birth presentations.
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Predominant Age: Birth.
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Genetics: No genetic pattern.
Etiology and Pathogenesis
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Causes: Pressure by the birth canal and surrounding tissues on the fetal head as it enters and traverses the lower vaginal canal.
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Risk Factors: Fetal macrosomia, prolonged labor, contracted maternal pelvis, prolonged maternal expulsive effort (pushing).
Signs and Symptoms
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Symmetric swelling of the fetal scalp in a location compatible with that which is directly under the cervical os (upper posterior portion over the right parietal bone in left occiput transverse labors, over the corresponding portion of the left parietal bone in right occiput transverse labors)
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Generally with diffuse edges and only a few millimeters in thickness. Greater in obstructed or prolonged labors. The periosteal edges provide a sharp demarcation to a cephalohematoma that is not present in caput succedaneum. In addition, cephalohematomas do not cross suture lines
Diagnostic Approach
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