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Benign Tumors of the Stomach and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Benign tumors of the stomach are relatively rare. Numerous autopsy studies reveal that gastric polyps are present in approximately 0.1% of gastric specimens. However, with the advent of endoscopy, small tumors have been more readily identified ( Fig. 37.1 ). These tumors can be classified as epithelial, submucosal, and ectopic.
Benign Gastric Tumors.
GIST, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
Benign tumors of epithelial origin include hyperplastic, fundic gland, and adenomatous polyps. Submucosal lesions include leiomyomas, lipomas, fibromas, hamartomas, hemangiomas, neurofibromas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), eosinophilic granulomas, and inflammatory polyps. Ectopic tissue, such as pancreatic rests or Brunner gland hyperplasia, may result in apparently benign tumors.
Clinical Picture
In general, benign tumors are asymptomatic and are identified on radiography or endoscopy. Although benign, these tumors may be associated with bleeding or obstructive phenomena. Severe, acute bleeding may occur with a lipoma that has surface erosion and an active bleeding vessel on the surface. Chronic bleeding and anemia may develop from an intermittent or slow leak from the polyp. A rare presentation is gastric outlet obstruction caused by prolapse of a large polyp into the duodenum.
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