Mechanism of action Steroids act on the inflammatory cascade to reduce prostaglandin synthesis by up to 50% and to increase Interleukin-1 secretion by the synovial membranes. Steroids decrease immune cell migration and reduce vasodilatation and vessel permeability. This action increases…
A number of anaesthetics are used routinely in clinical practice. Those most commonly used are all amino amides, which are very stable in solution and metabolised by the liver. Amino amides Lidocaine Lidocaine is a short-acting local anaesthetic. It has…
Decide whether injection is appropriate A history and examination should be taken. Perform a diagnostic ultrasound to confirm diagnosis. Discuss with the patient what injection will entail and how it will be performed. Previous medical history to determine contraindication (relative…