Cord blood (CB), the blood remaining in the placenta and umbilical cord after birth is rich in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and can be used for bone marrow reconstitution of patients undergoing myeloablative or non-myeloablative therapy that do not have…
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are blood-forming multipotent stem cells that produce all blood cell lineages and maintain hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis occurs in bone marrow (BM), but a small number of HSCs circulate in peripheral blood. Like other stem cells, HSCs have…
Cellular therapy is the use of viable cells and tissues for the treatment of disease. Cell and tissue donors can be autologous, syngeneic, or allogeneic. Current good tissue and manufacturing practices must be followed to prevent the introduction, transmission and…
Therapeutic phlebotomy entails the removal of blood to treat diseases in which decreasing red blood cell (RBC) mass, hematocrit, and blood viscosity, or inducing iron restriction, enabling management of disease-associated symptoms and complications. Standardized indications for therapeutic phlebotomy for each…
Immunoadsorption (IA) selectively removes certain plasma proteins. IA can be specific (only removing antibody specific for single antigen) or nonspecific (removing all antibodies). Although several IA systems are available worldwide, none are currently used in the United States. This chapter…
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis (LA) removes apo-B containing lipoprotein (LDL and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]). The primary indication for LA is familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an autosomal dominant disorder of cholesterol metabolism, resulting in elevated plasma LDL-C levels. Numerous LDL-C removal methodologies are…
Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) involves the ex vivo exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs), including pathogenic or autoreactive T-lymphocytes, to photoreactive 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ultraviolet A (UVA) light, followed by reinfusion of these MNCs. ECP was first successfully used for the…
Therapeutic leukocytapheresis (or leukapheresis) is a procedure in which white blood cells (WBCs) are selectively removed from patient’s circulation, generally with the aim of treating hyperleukocytosis and/or hyperviscosity. Additionally, leukocytapheresis has been performed prophylactically, such as to prevent tumor lysis…
Therapeutic thrombocytapheresis (or commonly referred to as plateletpheresis or platelet depletion) is used in primary and sometimes secondary thrombocytosis to rapidly remove platelets for prevention or treatment of hemorrhage and/or thrombosis. Reduction of platelet count achieved by this procedure is…
Therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (ET) is a procedure in which patients’ RBCs are selectively removed to reduce excessive RBC mass. It has been used for treatment of polycythemia vera, reactive erythrocytosis, and hereditary hemochromocytosis. RBC exchange (RBCx) is a procedure in which…