OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis This chapter discusses the indications and contraindications for high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and highlights when a lateral closing wedge (LCW) may be preferable over a medial opening wedge (MOW). Our LCWHTO surgical technique is presented as well…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis Opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a valuable technique to address coronal and sagittal malalignment of the lower limb with associated degenerative compartment changes of the knee as well as focal chondral defects. With use of appropriate…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis Knee cartilage injuries present a great challenge for both clinicians in recent decades and may often lead to substantial morbidity, significant time away from work and sport, and possibly permanent disability. This chapter will review the current…
Overview Chapter synopsis MACI (autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine membrane) is indicated for symptomatic full-thickness chondral defects of the knee in patients 18–55 years of age. Although diagnostic imaging and clinical examination are important, arthroscopic assessment provides the final confirmation…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis This chapter summarizes the indications for, techniques to perform, and results of osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation for the treatment of symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee. Important points OCA is indicated for symptomatic, full-thickness chondral or osteochondral…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis Osteochondral autograft transplant surgery (OATS) remains an important technique for medium (1 to 3 cm 2 ) chondral and osteochondral defects. When appropriate indications are met, very good success rates can be expected. Meticulous technique for single-plug…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis Microfracture is a safe, minimally invasive, technically simple, and cost-effective marrow stimulation technique that provides effective short-term functional improvement of small to medium cartilage defects. Appropriate indications, attention to surgical detail, and well-structured rehabilitation help to optimize…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis Osteonecrosis (ON) of the knee is a condition that can rapidly lead to end-stage osteoarthritis. It can be classified as primary, secondary, or post-arthroscopic. Surgical options include arthroscopy, core decompression, osteochondral grafting, re-alignment osteotomies, and prosthetic arthroplasty.…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a pathologic process that results in the detachment of subchondral bone and its overlying articular cartilage from the underlying bone. Several options are available to treat adult OCD, including debridement, drilling, loose body…
Overview Chapter synopsis Efforts should be made to preserve the meniscus, but if this is not possible, meniscus regeneration with biologic or synthetic scaffolds may be an option. Multicenter clinical trials and reports have demonstrated new tissue formation and fewer…