Key Points Cam morphology leading to femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) may develop through both primary (idiopathic) and secondary mechanisms. Evidence suggests that primary cam deformities may be a product of physeal overload or trauma during skeletal growth, likely around the…
Key Points Presentation is frequently loss of function rather than pain. Isolated hip arthritis is very rare. Autoantibodies are frequently absent. Medication and physical therapy are the primary treatments for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Surgical therapy may be indicated if…
Key Points Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is primarily a posterior migration of the epiphysis on the metaphysis in the skeletally immature patient. The cause of SCFE is unknown; however, relative weakening of the physis compared with the size and…
Key Points A permanent deformity of the femoral head resulting in premature osteoarthritis is the most important sequela of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, also known as Perthes disease. Biologic and mechanical factors contribute to the pathogenesis of the femoral head deformity. The…
Key Points Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) represents a spectrum of abnormal hip mechanics and anatomy that can manifest during the newborn period, infancy, and later in life. A high degree of clinical suspicion can allow for early diagnosis…
Key Points Extraarticular hip disorders coexist with intraarticular hip disorders. Biomechanics of the pelvic girdle and its relationship to the hip and spine are complex. Some extraarticular hip disorders are diagnosed best by clinical presentation and exclusion of other diagnoses.…
Key Points Septic arthritis of the hip, if untreated, can lead to significant joint destruction and disability or systemic illness. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for optimizing outcomes. Clinical history, physical examination, and joint aspiration identify most cases. Advanced…
Key Points Most cases of acetabular rim damage are related to mechanical conflicts secondary to instability (i.e., hip dysplasia) or incongruity because of abnormal shape of the femoral head or the socket (i.e., femoroacetabular impingement). Progression of this damage will…
Key Points Synovial chondromatosis and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are the most common primary disorders of the hip synovium. Early diagnosis of synovial disorders is important to optimize treatment results and minimize secondary degenerative disease of the hip. Surgical techniques…
Key Points As many as 10,000 to 20,000 new cases of osteonecrosis (ON) are reported each year in the United States. Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) is a relatively rare disease. ON and BMES similarly present in young and middle-aged…