Fertility awareness In our society, fertility awareness (FA) is deficient, since cultural and religious factors increase the prevalence of misconceptions and myths. Core factors encompass low education, persistent health-related issues, scarcity of resources for well-being, nonexistence of a developed public…
Introduction “Assisted reproduction” is the support provided to address infertility issues. It refers to all methods that assist infertile couples to achieve pregnancy and give birth to their own babies. Infertility rate in Pakistan is documented to be 21.9%, and…
Females inherit a reservoir of around 300,000 primordial follicles, with primary oocytes arrested at the first meiotic division. They attain maturation into the functional phase toward diversity periodically every month by regulators that govern them to survive or lead them…
Introduction The pituitary gland, also called the master gland of the human endocrine system, is situated at the base of the skull within the sella turcica, a part of the sphenoid bone. Anatomically it is divided into two parts: (i)…
Introduction An optimal level of thyroid hormones is needed for reproductive health. This has been proved clearly in women who have a higher chance of having “autoimmune thyroid diseases (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease)” compared to men. Both overt and…
Introduction The lining of a woman’s uterus is made up of endometrial tissue that sheds in each menstrual cycle. In endometriosis, similar tissue develops on abnormal anatomical locations such as in the pelvis or abdominal cavity. This mislaid tissue shows…
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a well-appreciated heterogeneous disorder of the endocrine system. It is usually detected in women of reproductive age group who present with a cluster of clinical features ranging from androgen excess (hirsutism, alopecia, and/or acne)…
Impact of subfertility Irrespective of the society, culture, class, division, and educational status of an individual, subfertility effects both the male and the female. Both have an equal sense of the debarment; nevertheless, it has been observed that for various…
Having babies is a right and wish of all the couples after marriage, but an intact hormonal system, psychological stability, and emotional composure are the merits for achieving due to maturation of the sperm and ovum leading to the fertilization…
Introduction Our concept of human ovarian reserve presumes that the ovary develops several million nongrowing follicles (NGFs) at around 5 months of gestational age. Over the life span of a female, it undergoes a monthly cycle of oocyte maturation as…