Genesis Prolonged compression or stretching of a peripheral nerve may lead to compression palsy, apparently on the basis of neural ischemia. The frequency of congenital facial palsy is 0.71 to 1.4 per 1000. The mechanism of injury is usually either…
Genesis Dislocation of the radial head is the most common congenital anomaly of the elbow, but it is relatively rare, accounting for 0.15% to 0.2% of outpatient orthopedic visits. It can occur as an isolated abnormality or as part of…
Genesis Hyperextension of the leg with dislocation at the knee may result from the legs being in an extended posture with breech presentation, oligohydramnios, or other unusual late gestational constraint caused by uterine myomas or structural defects. It can also…
Genesis The definition of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), formerly termed congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH), remains complex and controversial, making precise determination of incidence figures difficult. Figure 10-2 depicts some of the interacting factors that relate to…
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Genesis Femoral rotation describes the normal twist present in the femur, and excessive femoral anteversion results from medial rotation of the femur after birth. Normal rotation in direction and magnitude is termed version , with normal values determined according to…
Genesis Rotation refers to the twist of the tibia along its long axis. Normal rotation in direction and magnitude is termed version , and normal values are determined according to age. Abnormal rotation is termed torsion , and the degree…
Genesis Flexible flatfoot is common in children and influenced by age, weight, and gender. This deformity usually becomes evident with weight bearing and is often caused by ligamentous laxity; hence it is strongly associated with genetic connective tissue disorders such…
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Genesis Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is often a serious foot defect, but predicting severity and response to treatment in the newborn has been notoriously difficult. Over the past 25 years, there has been a dramatic shift away from extensive surgical releases…