Most of the intracranial cystic lesions are related to neoplasms, bacterial or parasitic infections, or loss of tissue due to malformation, infarction, or injury, including that resulting from surgical resection of brain tissue. These topics are discussed in other chapters…
Introduction Neuroendoscopy for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathology has experienced a resurgence in popularity over the past 30 years. It is an alternative to open transcortical approaches to access intraventricular and periventricular pathology. In cases of hydrocephalus, it can be an…
Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by a pathologic dilatation of the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space due to an abnormal increment of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF volume). This condition can be secondary to a blockage in the regular…
Hydrocephalus, from the Greek word meaning “water in the head,” is a general term used to describe many conditions of fluid collected in the intracranial space. For the purposes of this chapter, we define hydrocephalus as an inappropriate amount of…
Hydrocephalus Definition The term hydrocephalus represents a condition defined as an imbalance between the production and absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), resulting in increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Ventricular dilation may or may not occur, because ventriculomegaly can be present…
Cranial sutures are essential components in the development of the skull. Nonfunctional sutures during the evolution of the cranial vault and the skull base lead to evolving deformities that may end in neurologic sequel. Although the term craniosynostosis was first…
Introduction A wide variety of congenital, developmental, and acquired abnormalities may affect the pediatric spine. The decision for surgical intervention must be tailored to the disease pathology as well as each patient’s clinical situation. Spinal instability may be iatrogenic or…
∗Portions of this section on the “History of Selective Posterior Rhizotomy” have been reproduced from the previous Schmidek and Sweet SDR chapter by Drazin et al. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in children, occurring in 1.5 to…
Acknowledgment Medical illustrations were drafted and refined by Dr. Shih Liu, USF Department of Neurosurgery. Introduction Worldwide, more than 50 million suffer traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year, and it is estimated that about half the world’s population will have…
This chapter focuses on brain revascularization techniques used for the treatment of pediatric cerebrovascular disease. Although a wide variety of clinical scenarios might warrant surgical revascularization of the brain, the three most commonly encountered by neurosurgeons include atherosclerotic carotid disease,…