Normal Histology The normal histology of the upper aerodigestive tract varies based on the cells, tissues, and function required of each site. A complete review of the thyroid and parathyroid glands is beyond the scope of this chapter. The upper…
Overview Orthopedic oncology is a complex surgical discipline that involves the diagnosis, management, and surveillance of primary mesenchymal malignancies (sarcomas), benign bone and soft tissue masses, and secondary neoplasms of bone and soft tissue. The unique structural qualities of bone,…
Epidemiology Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a diverse group of more than 60 neoplasms that can arise from virtually any anatomic site and can affect the very young as well as the elderly. The tissue types of STS origin include…
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, accounting for at least half of all malignant neoplasms. Almost one in five Americans will be diagnosed with skin cancer in their lifetime. The high incidence of skin cancer is largely…
Cancer immunotherapy has had a long and generally disappointing clinical history, until recently. There were clues from early landmark clinical trials using high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2), which effected dramatic and durable complete responses in small subsets of patients with metastatic melanoma…
Neoplasia (literally meaning “new growth”) is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. The term tumor , which was originally used to describe the swelling caused by inflammation, is now used interchangeably with neoplasm. Transformation is the multistep process in which normal…
History Intestine transplantation has become a lifesaving treatment option for patients with intestinal failure. The term intestinal failure encompasses multiple disorders of inadequate intestinal length or function that prevent adequate nutrient absorption. In contrast, enteral autonomy is a term describing…
Historical Perspective The field of organ transplant has contributed to the development of surgical technique as well as to the advancement of immunology. Attempts at transplant to cure organ failure date back several centuries. Alexis Carrel developed techniques of triangulation…
History More than 90% of patients receiving a liver transplant in the United States will be alive 1 year after the surgery, and almost 85% will be alive after 3 years. This extraordinary achievement arose as the result of the…
Video 25.1 Results of the World’s First Successful Hand Transplant. Only a few short decades ago, there were no options for patients dying of end-stage organ failure. The concept of transplanting an organ from one individual to another was thought…