Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy

Arteriography

Despite many advances in the quality and availability of less invasive arterial imaging modalities, arteriography remains the “gold standard.” Alternative modalities, such as duplex arterial mapping, computed tomographic angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), are being used with increasing…

Radiation Safety

Advances in radiation have led to a significant increase in its use for diagnostic, interventional, and therapeutic purposes. With the ever-increasing utilization of endovascular techniques, concern has grown regarding the potential harmful effects of radiation delivered to both the patient…

Vascular Laboratory: Venous Duplex Scanning

Introduction Duplex scanning is readily available, noninvasive, and inexpensive. It is the primary means for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) (see Ch. 148 , Acute Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Medical…

Vascular Laboratory: Venous Physiologic Assessment

Venous pathophysiology in the lower extremity manifests as a spectrum of disorders (see Section 23, Chronic Venous Disorders). Reporting standards published first in 1994 and revised in 2004 recognized pathophysiologic assessment as a key feature in assessing patients with chronic…

Vascular Laboratory: Arterial Duplex Scanning

Duplex ultrasound (DUS) is an integral component of diagnostic testing for the evaluation and management of arterial disease. This technology, which combines the acquisition of blood flow (pulsed Doppler spectral analysis) and anatomic (B-mode and color Doppler imaging) information, was…

Vascular Laboratory: Arterial Physiologic Assessment

Arterial physiologic testing adds a degree of objectivity to the subjective clinical evaluation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The advances in direct physiologic testing of specific arterial sites by duplex scanning and noninvasive imaging evaluation provide the approximate localization of…

Clinical Evaluation of the Venous and Lymphatic Systems

Anatomic Considerations The anatomy of the veins and lymphatics provides the basis for understanding the pathophysiology of common disease states. With the primary purpose of the veins to return blood to the heart in a unidirectional fashion and for the…

Clinical Evaluation of the Arterial System

This chapter focuses on the role of patient history and physical examination in evaluating the various disease states secondary to arterial pathology. In general, the lower extremities provide a model for the clinical evaluation of patients with vascular disease and…