Epidemiology of Peripheral Arterial Disease Incidence and Prevalence Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is defined as chronic, atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities. It has become a major global health problem, largely secondary to aging of the world’s population, combined…
Atheromatous embolization is a poorly recognized and underdiagnosed multisystem disorder associated with a high risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There are a myriad of clinical manifestations that may occur across multiple organ systems, making differential diagnoses broad and diagnosis…
Introduction Compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency and a recognized complication of several conditions treated by vascular surgeons. Failure to arrive at a timely diagnosis increases the risk of short- and long-term morbidity, including limb loss or permanent disability. Conversely,…
Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is an emergent vascular condition, wherein a rapid decrease in lower extremity arterial perfusion threatens limb viability. Despite advances in the prompt diagnosis and surgical management of limb ischemia, the reported rates of limb loss with…
Acute ischemia of the limb represents one of the toughest challenges encountered by vascular specialists. The diagnosis and initial assessment are largely clinical, and diagnostic errors can result in a high price to the patient – amputation or even death.…
Introduction Brachiocephalic arterial disease presents a complex surgical challenge due to the frequent involvement of other arch vessels, choice of inflow and access, as well as the inherent risks of complex surgery, embolization, and cerebral ischemia. This process may affect…
Introduction The brachiocephalic arteries constitute the aortic arch branches, including the innominate, left common carotid (LCCA), and left subclavian arteries (LSCA), also known as the supra-aortic trunks (SAT) or great vessels. SAT disease is predominantly atherosclerosis with steno-occlusive lesions. Aneurysms,…
The vertebrobasilar system supplies blood to the brain stem, cerebellum, and occipital lobes via paired vertebral arteries. Posterior circulation ischemia is most often related to atherosclerosis involving the vertebrobasilar arteries, but may also be related to other vasculitides. Although vertebrobasilar…
Introduction While cerebrovascular atherosclerotic disease is the most common pathology encountered by vascular surgeons, there are several other distinct entities that can result in cerebral ischemia, bleeding and death. This chapter discusses the rare clinical presentations and treatments for carotid…
Introduction The carotid body tumor (CBT), first described in 1743 by Von Haller, is the only known pathologic condition of the carotid body. The tumor is extremely rare. In 1971, only about 500 cases had been reported in the literature;…