KEY POINTS 1. Childbirth is a traumatic event; the head of the neonate is subject to multiple forces that, in turn, may result in clinically relevant neurologic injuries. 2. Extracranial scalp traumatic injuries are the most common type of neonatal…
KEY POINTS 1. Very-low-birthweight infants are at risk of spontaneous germinal matrix–intraventricular hemorrhages (GM-IVHs). 2. GM-IVHs usually originate within the subependymal germinal matrix lining the ventricles and progress outwards into the ventricles. IVH occurs most frequently during the first 72…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY POINTS 1. Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke most often results from the convergence of multiple stroke risk factors specific to the perinatal period and has a low risk of recurrence. 2. Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke refers to the most common…
KEY POINTS 1. Seizures are very common in the neonatal period and constitute a neurologic emergency. 2. Specific aspects of the physiology of the developing brain make it highly susceptible to hyperexcitability and seizure occurrence. 3. Brain injury often causes…
KEY POINTS 1. Encephalopathy of prematurity reflects white and gray matter injury combined with neuronal-axonal abnormalities impacting preterm infants. 2. Key risk factors include hypotension and the need for inotropes, hypoxia, and inflammation. 3. Evaluation of high-risk infants in the…
KEY POINTS 1. Neonatal encephalopathy is an alteration in consciousness or neurologic exam in newborn infants. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy accounts for nearly 50% of all cases. 2. Clinical presentation depends on the duration, timing, and severity of the insult and may…
KEY POINTS 1. A healthy fetus has considerable aerobic and anaerobic reserves to successfully adapt to transient or mild hypoxia. Prolonged or repeated severe asphyxia results in failure of adaptation and progressive hypotension and hypoperfusion. The severity of brain injury…
KEY POINTS 1. Platelets are anuclear cellular fragments that are released from megakaryocytes and are involved in primary hemostasis. 2. The normal platelet counts in newborn infants have been traditionally defined as 150 to 450 × 10 9 These counts decline…
KEY POINTS 1. Anemia occurs when the red blood cell (RBC) mass is not adequate to meet tissue oxygen needs. 2. Target hemoglobin and hematocrit have been used as clinical indicators for RBC transfusion in preterm infants with acute and…