KEY POINTS 1. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) represents continued high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) after birth resulting in extrapulmonary shunting of the blood from pulmonary to systemic circulation, leading to hypoxemia. 2. The disorder can be idiopathic…
KEY POINTS 1. Endotracheal tube ventilation, also known as invasive ventilation, although life-saving, is associated with lung injury, especially in premature infants. 2. Volume-targeted ventilation is the preferred mode of invasive conventional mechanical ventilation. 3. High-frequency ventilation is recommended as…
KEY POINTS 1. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. 2. The etiopathology of RDS involves structural immaturity and surfactant deficiency in the developing lung. 3. The diagnosis rests on the presence…
KEY POINTS 1. There is a precisely controlled sequence of circulatory and respiratory changes at birth that leads to the establishment of adult-type circulation and airborne respiration. 2. Despite the well-established sequence of events, 1 in 10 infants, particularly those…
KEY POINTS 1. The first 60 minutes after birth constitutes a Golden Hour for a newborn infant, when appropriate clinical management can improve long-term outcomes. 2. The physiologic transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is complex, and alterations in this…
KEY POINTS 1. Knowledge of the normal physiologic transition from fetal to neonatal life and potential disruptions of this process is vital to a comprehensive understanding of neonatal resuscitation. 2. Preparation of personnel and equipment prior to resuscitation is essential.…
KEY POINTS 1. Delayed cord clamping (DCC) is a very powerful yet simple, no-cost intervention practice that can transform the lives of children and mothers around the world. 2. DCC is a practice of waiting to cut the umbilical cord…
KEY POINTS 1. Digital radiography is a frequently used imaging technique in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), with many infants having multiple radiographs during their stays. 2. High-energy photons in ionizing radiation can damage DNA, particularly with repeated natural background…
KEY POINTS 1. Transport is not a benign event for the neonate, the family, and the transport team. 2. Transport is a significant transition in care and has risk and safety concerns beyond the physical movement of the neonate. 3.…
KEY POINTS 1. Preterm neonates are exposed to frequent painful and agitating stimuli during intensive care. Pain and agitation have a negative impact on long-term outcome. 2. Laboratory tests and invasive procedures should be used judiciously in neonates. 3. A…