Background The treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and some high-risk superficial bladder cancers (in patients who may or may not have had intravesical immunotherapy) is radical cystectomy (RC), customarily through an open lower midline abdominal incision. This is…
Introduction Open kidney transplantation (OKT) is considered the gold standard treatment for end-stage renal disease as it is able to achieve a greater survival rate and a better quality of life in comparison to hemodialysis. The introduction of this surgical…
Introduction Prior to recent advancements in surgical technology, open adrenalectomy was the gold standard for benign and malignant adrenal diseases. With the introduction of laparoscopy, surgeons began to transition to minimally invasive surgery. When compared to open adrenalectomy, laparoscopic adrenalectomy…
Introduction Pyeloplasty offers the best long-term cure for patients with pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. Before the advent of laparoscopic renal surgery, endopyelotomy was the most popular treatment method due to its minimally invasive nature in comparison to an open procedure.…
Introduction Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5% to 10% of urothelial cancer, with approximately 60% muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Extirpative surgery, traditionally open nephroureterectomy, was considered the gold standard curative procedure. Robotic-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RANU)…
Introduction Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) is indicated for the treatment of small renal masses, and the technique for NSS has transitioned from open to the minimally invasive approach. Although the initial experience with minimally invasive NSS used traditional laparoscopy, robotic surgery…
Introduction Partial nephrectomy is now considered the treatment of choice in all small renal tumors when technically feasible, because long-term oncologic outcomes are equivalent to radical nephrectomy while preserving renal function. Despite its oncologic safety, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is…
Introduction This chapter describes techniques for transperitoneal and retroperitoneal robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. Robotic assistance facilitates a minimally invasive approach and avoids the need for open surgery particularly for larger and more challenging tumors, including those with inferior vena caval tumor…
Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men. The prevalence of this pathology increases with male aging. In the fourth decade of life, BPH is…
Introduction Lymph node status is a primary factor in determining a patient’s prognosis and future therapy for prostate cancer. Lymph node involvement (LNI) is associated with a significant increase in recurrence and mortality. , Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) remains…