Introduction The hypopharynx and supraglottic larynx are unique parts of the upper aerodigestive tract. These sites are critical to the functions of airway, speech, and swallowing. Therefore malignancy at these sites requires careful assessment and consideration of treatment options. Controversy…
Introduction Primary surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy has long been accepted as the standard treatment plan for cure for the majority of head and neck cancers, including oropharyngeal and supraglottic cancer. Although these open surgical approaches have yielded high rates of…
Introduction Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has evolved from the endeavor of head and neck surgeons to perform minimally invasive targeted resection of lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract. Transoral resection of oral, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal lesions has been performed…
Introduction Endometrial (uterine) cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in the United States, with an estimated 66,570 new cases and 12,940 deaths in 2021. In 2019, there were an estimated 807,860 women living with uterine…
Introduction The original robot-assisted hysterectomy was first published in the World Journal of Surgery in 2001. Nearly 4 years later, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of the da Vinci Surgical System for gynecologic procedures in…
Introduction Cervical cancer currently is the fourth most common cancer occurring in women. Worldwide, an estimated 570,000 women were diagnosed, and 311,000 women died of the disease in the year 2018. Most (99%) cervical cancers are related to an infection…
Introduction Sacrocolpopexy is considered the gold standard surgical procedure for pelvic organ prolapse, with success rates estimated at 98.6% and mesh complications rates of 4.1%. Since the mid-2000s, robotic-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy has gained increased popularity due to the ease of…
Introduction Hysterectomy is the second most frequently performed surgical procedure after cesarean section for women who are of reproductive age in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from 2011 to 2015 10.6% of…
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Introduction In the field of male reproductive surgery, optical magnification is crucial due to the microscopic anatomic structures. The microsurgeon gains advantages with tools and technology for ease of use and ergonomics. These surgical procedures had fairly poor outcomes due…