In 2019, unintentional injury was the leading cause of death in children aged 1–18 years of age in the US, accounting for approximately one-third of all deaths. Of these deaths, burns were the seventh leading cause in children <1 year,…
Acknowledgments The author acknowledges substantial use of material from this chapter in the previous edition. Trauma is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality, and a significant contributor to this disease burden is secondary infection. The etiologies of trauma-related…
The practitioner frequently has the opportunity to manage the child for whom the chief complaint is a “swollen eye” ( Fig. 84.1 ). Some children have trivial or self-limited disorders, but others can have sight- or life-threatening problems. Noninfectious causes…
The term endophthalmitis is applied to bacterial or fungal infection involving intraocular tissues (retina, uveal tract, or lens) or fluids (vitreous or aqueous). Two broad categories of infectious endophthalmitis are distinguished. Exogenous infection results from introduction of organisms into the…
Uveitis refers to any intraocular inflammation. Anterior uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the iris and ciliary body (iridocyclitis). Intermediate uveitis includes inflammation of the pars plana and vitreous (pars planitis, vitritis). Posterior uveitis features inflammation of the retina and…
Infective keratitis is an uncommon but important infection because it has the potential to cause blindness. It can be caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. Most children with corneal infections come to medical attention because of a painful red…
Acknowledgment The author acknowledges substantial use of material from previous editions by Avery Weiss. Conjunctivitis is the most common infectious disease of the eye in childhood. It is useful to separate conjunctivitis into acute infection (abrupt onset, lasting less than…
Ophthalmia neonatorum is defined as conjunctivitis occurring within the first month of life. It is the most common eye disease of neonates, with an incidence ranging 1.6%–12%. Incidence is directly related to the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in…
Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the contribution of K. Gutierrez to this chapter in prior editions. Transient synovitis (TS) is a self-limited inflammation of the synovium, usually of the hip joint. TS is a common cause of acute onset of limping…
Diskitis is an inflammatory process involving the intervertebral disks and the end plates of the vertebral bodies. It is associated with characteristic clinical and radiologic findings, but information about diskitis is derived primarily from case reports and retrospective studies of…