Acknowledgment Substantial material from Jane L. Burns’ chapter in the previous edition has been used. The genus Burkholderia was proposed in 1992 for 7 species that previously were included in Pseudomonas homology group II. All are animal or plant pathogens…
Microbiology Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus found widely in nature, soil, and water. Classified as an opportunistic pathogen, P. aeruginosa causes disease infrequently in normal hosts but is a major cause of infection in patients with underlying or immunocompromising…
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Microbiology Discovered at the end of the 19th century, Moraxella catarrhalis (formerly Micrococcus catarrhalis , Neisseria catarrhalis, and Branhamella catarrhalis ) has undergone several changes of nomenclature and changes in status as either a commensal of the upper respiratory tract…
Microbiology Eikenella, Pasteurella, and Chromobacterium species display both common and contrasting characteristics of laboratory properties, epidemiology, and clinical presentations. Eikenella and Pasteurella spp. are nonmotile, whereas C. violaceum is motile and less fastidious than the others. E. corrodens was the…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank Dr. Michael Brady for contributions to this chapter in past editions. Microbiology and Epidemiology Several genera of nonglucose-fermenting gram-negative bacilli are infrequent opportunistic human pathogens. Most are nonfastidious, aerobic, catalase-positive organisms; motility, oxidase…
Description of the Pathogen The genus Aeromonas (from the Greek “Aer”: gas; and “Monas”: unit; meaning “gas producing units”) consists of environmental, facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative bacilli that are predominantly motile as a result of a single polar flagellum. Although at…
Acknowledgments We acknowledge the substantial contributions of D.A. Powell, M.J. Marcon, and A. L. Leber to this chapter in previous editions. Microbiology Acinetobacter species are nonmotile, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, gram-negative coccobacilli. Their inability to ferment glucose or to reduce…
Yersinia species are bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Of 15 species of Yersinia , only Yersinia enterocolitica , Y. pseudotuberculosis , and Y. pestis are human pathogens. Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are enteropathogens transmitted by consumption of contaminated food…
Shigella species usually cause acute gastrointestinal tract infection, a clinical syndrome named shigellosis. , The term dysentery denotes colitis manifested as frequent, painful passage of stools containing blood or mucus; bacillary dysentery is caused by a number of invasive bacteria…