Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects most individuals worldwide. In immunocompetent individuals, CMV causes mild to no symptoms but can cause significant disease in immunocompromised patients. Congenital CMV is the most common infection in newborns worldwide and is…
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is an alphaherpesvirus that is related most closely to herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. Primary infection with VZV causes varicella, commonly called chickenpox. VZV establishes latent infection in dorsal root and cranial ganglia and can reactivate…
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) belong to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily of herpesviruses. The large DNA viruses have a short reproductive cycle, rapidly produce lytic infection in tissue culture, and remain latent in sensory neural ganglia.…
The family Herpesviridae contains three subfamilies: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae. , The eight known human herpesviruses are represented in six genera, which are shown with the typical characteristics of the subfamilies in Table 203.1 . TABLE 203.1 Members of Herpesviridae…
Despite the eradication of smallpox as a human pathogen, several poxviruses remain clinically significant, including monkeypox, vaccinia (i.e., virus used for smallpox vaccination), molluscum contagiosum, and several relatively uncommon zoonotic viruses. Concern about smallpox as a bioterrorist weapon also has…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Acknowledgements This chapter includes information included by Drs. Gary S. Marshall and Bryan D. Carter in previous editions of the book. It also relies heavily on the collaborative efforts of members of the international writing group for the Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic…
Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed world. The epidemiology and clinical features of the illness point to an infectious etiology, but the cause remains unknown. KD is a unique…
Microbiology Members of the family Mycoplasmataceae are small pleomorphic bacteria that characteristically lack a cell wall. Shapes range from filamentous to spherical, with diameters up to 0.8 μm. The genus Ureaplasma is biochemically unique in that all members possess urease…
Many Mollicutes colonize the mucosal surfaces of humans ( Table 197.1 ). Of these, only Mycoplasma genitalium , M. hominis , M. pneumoniae (see Chapter 196 ) , and Ureaplasma urealyticum (see Chapter 198 ) are known to be pathogenic…