Introduction Nasal obstruction in the neonate can lead to severe respiratory distress and failure to thrive if not properly identified and treated. Newborn infants are obligate nasal breathers; therefore, nasal airway obstruction has significant downstream effects. Cyclic apnea, cyanosis, and…
Introduction The technique of osseointegration was introduced by Per-Ingvar Branemark in the 1980s. The definition of osseointegration as defined by Zarb and Alberktsson is “a time dependent healing process whereby clinically asymptomatic rigid fixation of specifically designed alloplastic materials is…
Introduction Because the orbit is made up in part by two of the horizontal beams of facial structure and two of the vertical buttresses, orbital fractures are common, and proper repair of such fractures is critical to restoring normal facial…
Introduction Injuries to the upper and middle facial skeleton occur regularly due to a variety of blunt and penetrating etiologies and often require operative intervention. Understanding the patterns of injury, diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications are important for any…
Introduction There are numerous causes of mandibular fractures including assault, motor vehicle accidents, projectile missiles, and pathologic fractures. Multiple studies have shown motor vehicle accidents and interpersonal assaults as the leading causes for mandibular fractures. When a mandible fracture is…
Introduction The prominent, central position of the nose on the face makes it highly vulnerable to facial trauma. The nasal bones are the most commonly fractured facial bone and the third most common fracture in the human body. The most…
Introduction The mandibulotomy approach was first described by Roux in 1836. Dubner and Spiro, in 1959, developed the technique with paralingual extension, which is the origin of the modern mandibulotomy. Since then, several modifications to the technique have been described.…
Introduction Segmental mandibulectomy involves the removal of a full-thickness segment of the mandible, often secondary to a malignant or benign tumor, trauma, or osteoradionecrosis. Segmental mandibulectomy may be performed in the setting of a composite resection, a term coined by…
Introduction 1. The goal of surgical management of any cancer of the head and neck is to remove the cancer in its entirety and preserve form and function. Marginal mandibulectomy (MM) evolved as a surgical technique to obtain the margin…
Introduction Rehabilitation of the patient with chronic facial paralysis must take into account the loss of form and function. When contemplating facial reanimation, the surgeon should consider all variables that might influence the choice of procedure, including the patient’s age,…