Introduction Bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI) is an uncommon condition with potentially significant negative effects on breathing and quality of life. Patients usually have symptoms of airway obstruction, such as biphasic stridor and dyspnea, with a normal or nearly normal…
Introduction Trauma to the larynx accounts for less than 1% of all trauma. This is explained in part by the fact that the larynx is relatively protected by the mandible, sternum, and flexion mechanism of the neck. An alternative perspective…
Introduction The ventricle ends in a blind pouch anteriorly called the sacculus or saccule, which is variously known as the appendix ventriculi larynges or Hilton’s sac. Laryngocele refers to a pathologic cystic dilation and enlargement of the saccule of the…
Introduction Medialization laryngoplasty or thyroplasty type I was first described and later popularized by Ishiki during the 1970s. Netterville first reported on the immediate medialization of the true vocal fold following skull base or head and neck surgeries involving the…
Introduction Medialization laryngoplasty (type I thyroplasty) and arytenoid adduction are excellent surgical options for rehabilitation of the voice in patients suffering from glottic insufficiency. These are great options for surgical therapy to augment and reposition the vocal folds to improve…
Introduction The term vocal fold injection (VFI) typically refers to global vocal fold augmentation for purposes of addressing glottic insufficiency, although superficial injection into the lamina propria is performed occasionally (e.g., steroids, as for the treatment of vocal fold scar).…
Introduction Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare viral-induced disease of the upper aerodigestive tract characterized by epithelial lesions. Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), this disease presents in both children and adults. RRP is considered a benign neoplastic process; however,…
Introduction Patients complaining of hoarseness, vocal fatigue, diminished vocal range, strain, or other vocal issues require a complete laryngeal examination. Based on the findings of this examination, several treatments may be indicated, including surgery. Phonomicrosurgery (PMS) encompasses a variety of…
Introduction Office-based laryngeal procedures are quickly gaining popularity. These procedures are cost effective and provide an important alternative for patients who are not good candidates for operative direct laryngoscopy. Included are those patients with contraindications to general anesthesia or who…