Introduction The fundamental principle of maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is to move the muscular attachments of the hard palate, tongue, and suprahyoid soft tissue in an anterior direction by advancement of the tooth-bearing segments of the maxilla and mandible. This maneuver…
Introduction The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is complex and involves many anatomic and physiologic factors. The Fujita system for classifying the level of airway obstruction is often employed as a diagnostic tool. Level 1 indicates obstruction at the…
Introduction It is estimated that adequate adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may vary from 28% to 80%. For patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who fail CPAP, a variety of surgical procedures are available. To determine the…
Introduction The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), its complex pathophysiology, and the suboptimal adherence rates with positive pressure therapy require alternative treatment strategies in many OSA patients. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) represents a novel and unique therapeutic approach that…
Introduction First-line surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in both pediatric and adult patients is adenotonsillectomy and has often been uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in adults. When initial medical or surgical treatment of OSA fails to successfully treat the condition, adjunct surgical…
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a state-dependent phenomenon in which the pharyngolarynx undergoes repetitive collapse. Retropalatal obstruction is often the primary site of sleep-disordered breathing. Traditional uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) as described by Fujita has important potential limitations, including nonphysiologic modification,…
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a dynamic collapse and obstruction of the upper airway occurring in sleep due to decreased upper airway neuromuscular activity. At least 13% of men and 6% of women aged 30 to 70 years in…
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a state-dependent phenomenon in which the pharyngolarynx undergoes repetitive obstruction. For the otolaryngologist, the ability to phenotype the specific site(s), anatomic structures, and patterns involved in the upper airway obstruction appears crucial to successful…
Introduction “Primary snoring” can be described as a symptomatic, sleep-related, respiration-dependent acoustic phenomenon with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 5 and without complaints of daytime sleepiness. Snoring is common; it is estimated that 35% to 45% of men…
Introduction Cancer of the cervical esophagus has long been known as one of the most difficult neoplasms to treat and cure surgically. It is relatively uncommon, representing less than 5% of all esophageal cancers, themselves representing 5% of all digestive…