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Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide and is the etiologic agent of cervical cancer, the majority of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers, and genital warts. In the United States, vaccination to prevent HPV infection…
Abstract Hepatitis B infection is one of the most common global health problems. Persons with acute hepatitis B infection can be asymptomatic or present with hepatitis with or without jaundice. Most acute infections resolve without sequelae; however, progression to chronic…
Abstract Hepatitis A infection is the most common cause of viral hepatitis worldwide and a commonly reported vaccine-preventable disease in the United States. Clinical illness—characterized by fever, malaise, jaundice, and nausea—caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) is similar to hepatitis…
Abstract Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes primary varicella, a common childhood illness called chickenpox. This virus establishes latency and may reactivate later in life, causing herpes zoster, which is commonly called shingles or simply zoster. Although both chickenpox and zoster usually…
Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge Alison Margaret Kesson for her contributions as author of a prior version of this chapter. Abstract Rubella (German measles), a leading cause of vaccine-preventable birth defects, is an acute viral infection that can affect people of…
Acknowledgment The authors acknowledge the work of Alison Margaret Kesson on the previous edition chapter. Abstract Mumps is an acute, highly contagious systemic viral infection and the leading cause of parotitis worldwide. The most common clinical manifestation is nonsuppurative inflammation…
Abstract Measles (rubeola) is an extremely contagious, prolonged respiratory and systemic viral illness characterized by high fever, an erythematous maculopapular rash, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Measles infects the immune system and leads to continued susceptibility to other pathogens long after…
Acknowledgment The author acknowledges S. Michael Marcy and Susan Partridge for their contribution to the previous edition chapter. Abstract Rotavirus infections are the most common cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis worldwide. In developing countries, virtually all children have been infected…
Abstract Influenza is a viral infection characterized by abrupt onset of fever, chills, myalgias, and respiratory symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and rhinitis. Influenza viruses, types A and B, cause annual epidemics worldwide leading to a substantial morbidity and…