Abstract Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States and worldwide. Oncogenic, or “high-risk” HPV types, such as HPV types 16 and 18, can cause cervical and other…
Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a sexually transmitted infection that causes progressive immune dysfunction, putting affected individuals at risk for opportunistic infections and certain cancers. It was first recognized in the early 1980s, when men who had sex with…
Abstract Genital herpes is a globally endemic sexually transmitted infection (STI) and the most common cause of genital ulcer disease. Classically, genital herpes manifests as a cluster of painful vesicular or ulcerative mucocutaneous lesions; however, such presentations account for a…
Abstract Trichomonas vaginalis is estimated to be the most common treatable sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. It is an important contributor to perinatal morbidity, cervical cancer, poor sperm quality, and HIV acquisition and transmission. Less is known about the importance…
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Abstract Surgical site infections (SSIs), previously known as wound infections , remain one of the most common adverse events that occur with hospitalized surgical patients or after outpatient surgical procedures, despite many advances in preventive techniques. A 2015 report from…
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Joseph F. Woodward for his contribution to this chapter in the previous edition. Abstract Pyomyositis, a disease historically seen in tropical climates, is characterized by primary abscess formation in the skeletal musculature.…
Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Christopher M. Watson for his work on the previous edition chapter. Abstract The peritoneum is the thin lining separating the intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal spaces. Inflammation of this lining is termed peritonitis .…
Abstract Anal abscess and fistula in ano are not uncommon and have a high recurrence rate. Both are easy to identify on clinical examination. Identification of the internal opening or discerning the pathway of a fistula may be challenging and…
Abstract Necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTIs) are highly fatal infections that share features, including the presence of necrotic tissue and the need for surgical debridement (among other therapies). NSTIs are under the category of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs). The…