Introduction Intraoperative/frozen section consultations on pancreaticobiliary surgeries are mainly performed for the assessment of resection margins of the specimens and to rule out the possibility of metastatic disease at sites such as liver, peritoneum, omentum, mesentery, and lymph nodes. Only…
Introduction Endoscopy and imaging modalities provide an easy access to lesions located within the small bowel, appendix, and proximal colon. As a result, the surgeon is typically well equipped with the preoperative diagnosis of the lesion in question, and intraoperative…
Introduction With rare exceptions, the primary role of intraoperative consultation (IOC) during colorectal surgery is to determine the extent of disease prior to primary resection, to evaluate the adequacy of tumor resection (margin evaluation), and to diagnose unusual or unexpected…
Introduction Intraoperative pathology consultation with or without frozen section analysis is commonly used during surgery performed for a variety of diseases involving the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It can be requested to determine completeness of cancer resection (margin status), assess…
Thoracic surgeons routinely rely on intraoperative consultations with frozen section to help determine the appropriate surgical procedure best indicated for a particular patient (Aijaz et al, 1993; Cohen and Flinner, 1960; Gal and Cagle, 2005; Gal, 2005; Sakai et al,…
Introduction Salivary gland tumors represent 2% to 6% of all head and neck neoplasms (Ellis and Auclair, 2008). Though uncommon, they present with unique challenges in diagnosis and effective treatment (Silva and Kraemer, 1987). The vast majority (60% to 80%)…
Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeons perform a variety of surgical procedures that require intraoperative consultation (IOC) with frozen section (FS). Surgical pathologists can receive biopsies or resection specimens from a variety of locations, including the oral cavity, floor of…
Intraoperative Consultation of Thyroid Lesions General Clinical Introduction Thyroid nodules are frequent in the general population and can be detected by ultrasound in up to 50% of adults. They are also often incidentally found on other imaging studies of the neck…
Introduction Frozen section is rarely used for primary diagnosis in dermatopathology but is often requested for management of skin cancer. The principal treatment for most skin malignancies consists of primary excision with negative margins. The operative procedure may include use…
Neuropathologists have been close allies of neurosurgeons for decades. Confirmation of diagnostic tissue can herald the end of a surgery if the purpose of surgery is a biopsy. Identification of certain preliminary pathologies can change the course of a surgical…