Prosthetic valves Normal valves CASE 5-1 Bioprosthetic aortic valve Comments The two major categories of prosthetic valves are tissue valves and mechanical valves. Bioprosthetic (or tissue) valve leaflets are fashioned from bovine pericardium or a porcine aortic valve. The leaflets…
Native valve endocarditis CASE 4-1 Aortic valve endocarditis This 39-year-old female with a history of intravenous drug use, uncontrolled diabetes, and chronic pancreatitis had recently undergone a 21-day course of antibiotics for a soft tissue infection of her hand. In…
Aortic valve anatomy CASE 3-1a Normal trileaflet aortic valve CASE 3-1b Bicuspid aortic valve This 47-year-old male presented to the OR for mitral valve repair. Incidentally, a bicuspid aortic valve was detected; however, the systolic opening was normal with a…
TABLE 2-1 The Systematic Mitral Valve Examination Name of View Description of View See Case 2-1 , Normal Mitral Valve Anatomy ME four-chamber view (0 degrees) AML is on left side, adjacent to aortic valve. PML is on right side.…
Visualization of the coronary arteries and regional wall motion CASE 1-1 Normal coronary arteries Comments As shown in these examples, the proximal coronary arteries can often be visualized on TEE. The left main coronary artery arises from the left coronary…