Introduction The lateral supporting structures, including the posterolateral corner and iliotibial band, are important for knee stability and injuries to these structures are more common than historically recognized. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams in patients presenting with acute knee…
Synovium Introduction It is important for the surgeon to understand the principles for imaging the synovial compartments and articular cartilage of the knee. This chapter summarizes the anatomy, normal variations, pathologic conditions, and the strengths and weaknesses of the available…
Noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is standard of care imaging in the posttraumatic knee with clinical findings suggestive of ligamentous injury. MRI readily delineates injuries of the cruciate ligaments and offers a distinct advantage in preventing unnecessary arthroscopy by assessing…
Introduction Meniscal tears are among the most common knee injuries. Abnormal biomechanics after a meniscal injury expose the underlying articular cartilage to increased axial and sheer stress, leading to articular cartilage lesions and early osteoarthritis (OA). The choice of treatment…
Diagnosis and Imaging Protocols Radiography Trauma to the knee is a relatively common injury, accounting for a significant number of visits to emergency rooms, urgicenters, and orthopedic offices. However, not all of these knee injuries will present as fractures. When…
Radiography Applications Radiographs are the workhorse of knee imaging. Almost any symptom or sign may be initially evaluated with an x-ray. Radiographs provide useful information across the entire spectrum of knee pathology, including congenital deformities, arthritis, trauma, oncology, sports injuries,…
* The authors are grateful for the editorial assistance of Ryan J. Warth, MD (Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston), Jorge Chahla, MD (Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO), and Lavanya Rajagopalan, PhD. Introduction…
History Despite improvements in advanced imaging techniques, clinical examination of the knee remains an essential step in evaluating the knee patient. Evaluation of every patient should begin with a complete history of the symptoms and a full description of the…
* The authors thank John N. Insall for his thoughtful guidance and contributions to previous editions of this chapter. Variations of normal anatomy and frankly abnormal structures are occasionally encountered by the physician. Without a fundamental understanding of the more…
* The authors thank John N. Insall for his thoughtful guidance and contributions to previous editions of this chapter and Kevin R. Math, Vincent J. Vigorita, and Fred D. Cushner for their prior work. The anatomy of the knee can…