Introduction: Scope and Purpose The treatment of pediatric femur fractures continues to evolve similarly to other pediatric fracture management trends, highlighted by utilization of more invasive methods and the rising percentage of surgical implant fixation. One exception is the use…
Fractures and Dislocations of the Pelvis and Acetabulum Introduction/Pathology Incidence The overall incidence of pediatric pelvic fractures is 1 per 100,000 children per year. Although rare, these fractures are identified in pediatric trauma patients at a reported rate between 2.4%…
Spine injuries in children are fortunately rare, involving only 1% to 4% of children admitted to trauma centers. Treating pediatric patients with spine injuries can be challenging. Clinical evaluation is often hampered by an inability to obtain accurate historical information…
Introduction How do we know that our interventions have been successful? The success or effectiveness of an intervention is best defined in terms of whether or not it consistently achieves the goal(s) for which the intervention is intended. Outcomes research…
The following videos are included with this chapter and may be viewed at ExpertConsult: Video 8.1 Tinel sign. Video 8.2 Desensitization. Video 8.3 Follow-up clinical examination. Introduction Nerve injuries in children are relatively uncommon; however, children tend to put their…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Anthony A. Stans and Dr. Robert N. Hensinger, MD, for their contributions to the previous versions of this chapter. Vascular Injuries Overall, vascular trauma is relatively uncommon in pediatric patients.…
Acknowledgment The author would like to acknowledge Fred F. Behrens, MD (deceased), for his contributions to earlier versions of this chapter. Characteristics It is generally accepted that open fractures among children have better clinical outcomes than similar injuries in adults,…
Introduction Children who are victims of severe trauma often sustain musculoskeletal injuries but may also have injuries to other body areas that can be severe and even life-threatening. Early morbidity and mortality are related to injuries to the nervous system,…
Introduction Pathologic fractures occur in diseased bone, and, in children, such fractures are caused by a spectrum of conditions different from those in adults. Children’s diseases frequently associated with pathologic fractures include noncancerous benign bone tumors and congenital or genetic…
Introduction Immobilization in a cast has been the standard of care for spinal and upper and lower extremity injuries and fractures in children. Techniques were first described in antiquity, and they used a variety of hardening agents. Until the 1900s,…