Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in men between the ages of 15 and 35 years, although this cancer accounts for less than 1% of all malignancies in men. The incidence of testicular cancer has steadily increased in recent…
Testicular specimens for non-neoplastic conditions are relative rarities in the surgical pathology laboratory. This chapter describes, illustrates, and compares the most common pathologic entities. Specimens may be obtained from patients who are newborn, prepubertal, or postpubertal. Therefore knowledge of the…
Diseases of the Penis Anatomy and Histology Anatomy plays a key role in the staging and understanding of neoplasms of the penis. Certain types of tumor are more likely to occur in specific anatomic sites. The three parts to the…
In the author’s surgical pathology practice at a large tertiary teaching medical center, the upper urinary tract specimens account for 5% to 10% of the genitourinary specimens. The major differences in clinical behavior and management between lesions of the upper…
Indication for Renal Biopsy The first aspiration renal biopsy was performed in 1944. The technique was introduced into clinical use in the early 1950s; however, only in the early 1960s was it considered a valuable and safe diagnostic procedure. The…
Renal Cell TUMORS Renal cell carcinomas are tumors that arise from or recapitulate the differentiation of the renal tubular epithelium. They are by far the most common renal cancers and account for more than 90% of all malignancies in the…
This chapter is divided into the following four sections: gross and histologic features of the normal kidney, congenital anomalies and cystic diseases, vascular diseases, and tubulointerstitial diseases. An understanding of the normal macroscopic and microscopic features of the kidney is…
Tumors of the urinary bladder include neoplasms of virtually all types of tissue derivation, and the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs reflects this diversity ( Table 4-1 ). The…
Anatomy and Histology Located in the pelvis minor, the urinary bladder is shaped like an inverted pyramid. The superior surface, the dome, is covered by peritoneum. The most anterosuperior point, the apex, is where the median umbilical ligament and the…
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Clinical Features Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is a noninvasive neoplastic proliferation of the acinar epithelium that arises within preexisting prostatic acini and ducts. PIN glands have a benign architecture but are lined with cytologically atypical cells characterized…