In the genitourinary system as in other organ systems, radiologically guided interventional procedures have grown in usage. Interventional genitourinary radiology procedures are used widely, so familiarity and experience with these procedures are necessary in most clinical settings. Growth in the…
Cross-sectional imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of adrenal gland disease. In many patients not only can adrenal gland pathology be identified, but also a specific diagnosis can be made. The appropriate selection and accurate interpretation of adrenal…
The diagnosis and management of diseases of the male genital tract have changed significantly in recent years as a direct result of technologic advances in imaging and progress in therapeutics. The purpose of this chapter is to present current imaging…
Medical imaging has assumed an increasingly important role in the diagnostic evaluation of gynecologic disease. In part this is because sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can allow for high-resolution and multiplanar imaging of the female reproductive tract without exposing…
The lower urinary tract consists of the bladder and the urethra. Diseases of the lower urinary tract are prevalent and can be potentially debilitating from a medical and a social point of view. The bladder is the most common site…
Embryology and Anatomy Although embryology of the urinary tract is complex and often baffling, its important features are actually rather simple. The ureteral bud arises from the mesonephric duct early in gestation and forms the ureter, pelvicalyceal system, and renal…
Diffuse parenchymal abnormalities of one or both kidneys are often recognized during renal imaging. A number of disease processes may result in abnormalities of renal size and renal shape, with or without associated abnormalities in the renal collecting system. Diagnosis…
Detection of renal masses should be a high-priority task for radiologists examining the abdomen. Despite a great deal of research and many innovations in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the disease remains resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy.…
Normal urinary structures develop through of a series of complex, staged embryologic processes. Because of this complexity of urinary tract development, congenital abnormalities occur commonly, in up to 10% of individuals. Because the kidneys and ureters develop simultaneously, an in…
Optimal radiologic investigation of the genitourinary system requires a combination of diverse but complementary examinations that evaluate form and function. This chapter presents an overview of diagnostic tests that are commonly used to evaluate genitourinary disease. First, the pharmacology of…