Objectives Compare the motility patterns of the small intestine during feeding and fasting. Describe the functions of slow waves and spike potentials in regulating contractions of the small intestine. Describe the functions and control of the migrating motility complex. Explain…
Objectives Describe the contractions of the orad and caudad regions of the stomach. Explain the regulation of the contractile activity of the stomach, including the role of slow waves. List the components of the gastric contents that affect the rate…
Objectives Describe the oral and pharyngeal events taking place during a swallow. Describe the pressures within the esophagus and oral stomach at rest and during a swallow. Explain the regulation involved during a swallow, including its initiation and peristalsis through…
Objectives Understand the anatomy and functions of the enteric nervous system and its relationship with the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. Describe the anatomy and types of contractions of smooth muscle cells. Explain the role of calcium ion in the contraction…
Objectives Describe the four major functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Understand the differences between and significance of endocrine, paracrine, and neurocrine agents. Identify the major GI hormones, their functions, sites of release, and stimuli for release. Identify the important…