1. How does the principal function of the kidney differ in fetal and neonatal life? During fetal life the placenta is responsible for fetal water and electrolyte homeostasis. The principal function of the fetal kidney is the continuous excretion of…
Hypocalcemia 1. What perinatal factors are associated with hypocalcemia in the immediate newborn period? ▪ Prematurity ▪ Asphyxia ▪ Maternal diabetes ▪ Maternal hyperparathyroidism ▪ Transient congenital hypoparathyroidism ▪ Congenital absence or hypoplasia of the parathyroid glands (sporadic or as…
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History of Pediatric Cardiology 1. When was the first report of a successful ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)? The first successful ligation of a PDA was by Gross and Hubbard in 1938. 2. Who was responsible for the…
1. What are some general measures that can reduce or minimize the risk of nosocomial infections? Nosocomial infections are a serious concern in the NICU setting. The extremely small and immunologically compromised status of the patients makes them particularly vulnerable.…
1. What is patient-and family-centered care? Patient- and family-centered care is an approach to planning, delivery, and evaluation of health care that supports partnerships among patients, families, and health care practitioners. It is founded on the principle that the family…
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