Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), the Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine (OIRM), the Stem Cell Network, the Heart and Stroke Foundation Canada, the Ontario Graduate Scholarship,…
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Introduction Throughout fetal life, the pulmonary circulation forms and establishes a hierarchical system that is essential for postnatal gas exchange. In humans, a continuity of the circulation between the heart and the capillary plexus of the lung appears at approximately…
Spectrum of Lung Disease in Preterm Infants The normal fetal lung at 26 weeks gestation is in a late canalicular or early saccular stage of development and surfactant deficient. Surfactant treatment and the use of more gentle modes of assisted…
Acknowledgments Portions of this work were supported by NIH grants HL110002 (KHA), HL62875 (KHA), HL56401 (KHA; PL Ballard, P.I.), and AHA Grant-in-Aid 96014370 (KHA). Introduction Infants born as early as 22 weeks estimated gestational age may survive if supported by…
Introduction At birth, the term newborn lung is at the alveolar phase of lung development, with a smaller number of alveoli normalized to body weight than an adult has. The lung must make the rapid transition from a fluid-filled structure…
Introduction The ability to measure lung function is essential for understanding lung growth and developmental physiology, diagnosing pathologic conditions, and assessing therapeutic interventions and management. Neonatal pulmonary function evaluation in the 21st century has achieved a remarkable level of sophistication,…
Introduction A large body of experimental work has been performed on oxygen sensing and on the cellular events that result from oxygen deprivation in a variety of cell types and organisms. Such comparative studies have contributed to our understanding of…
Acknowledgment The late Dr. Henrique Rigatto was the original author of this chapter, which still contains parts of those original contributions. Introduction There are at least three important considerations regarding the study of the control of breathing during the fetal…
Acknowledgment This chapter is based on a previous contribution by Maria Delivoria-Papadopoulos and Jane E. McGowan. Introduction Because aerobic metabolism is critically dependent on a consistent and adequate supply of oxygen, oxygen is an essential fuel source for normal cellular…