Introduction The specialty of vascular surgery has evolved over the last 60 or so years, with a move towards more noninvasive imaging and greater use of endovascular revascularisation. Peripheral atherosclerosis is well recognised as a marker for coronary and cerebrovascular…
Introduction The term ‘peripheral arterial disease’ (PAD) is often used to mean obstructive (‘obliterative’) disease of major lower limb arteries, causing ischaemia. However, a range of vascular disorders can cause symptoms in upper and lower limbs, including any disease of…
Congenital Urinary Tract Disorders Introduction Serious congenital disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract nearly all present at birth or in early childhood (see Ch. 51 ). The exception is polycystic kidney , which presents more commonly in adulthood. Less…
Introduction Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common problem in surgery. They may be responsible for urinary tract symptoms presenting to a clinician for diagnosis or for abdominal pain that is not obviously urological. More often, UTIs are a secondary…
Introduction Stones may occur in all parts of the urinary tract, including the pelvicalyceal system of the kidney, the ureter, the bladder and sometimes even the urethra. Stones most commonly provoke symptoms caused by obstruction or by predisposing to urinary…
Introduction Two types of cancer arise from the renal parenchyma: renal cell carcinomas and nephroblastomas. Renal cell carcinomas (also known as renal adenocarcinomas and previously as hypernephromas ) are confined to adults. Nephroblastomas (Wilms tumours) are developmental in origin and…
Introduction Benign hyperplasia and carcinoma are the most common prostatic disorders and have an increasing importance in an ageing population. Inflammation and infection of the prostate ( prostatitis ) is a less common condition that occurs in a younger age…
Introduction Urinary tract disorders are common and comprise a significant part of the workload of General Practitioners, general physicians, paediatricians and surgeons. Prostate disorders account for at least half of the work in urological surgery. The main conditions are benign…
Disorders of the Scrotal Contents Introduction Abnormalities of the scrotal contents include disorders of the testis and its coverings, the spermatic cord and inguinoscrotal hernias (see Ch. 32 ). Distinguishing between them usually requires only clinical examination. Diagnoses that must…
Introduction This chapter describes the clinical presentation and diagnosis of lumps and swellings in the groin along with specific conditions causing these problems. Other hernias of the anterior abdominal wall (ventral hernias) are considered at the end of the chapter.…