Introduction It is important to monitor continuously the organ that we want to see perform correctly at all the times. Brain is a very complex organ to monitor, and in fact we can call the brain as an organ of…
Introduction The National Health Statistics Report published in 2010 estimated that around 45 million inpatient surgical procedures are carried out annually in the United States with an increasing rate among older population (≥65 years old). Newborns’ data was excluded from…
With the advent of newer neurosurgeries like minimally invasive procedures, endovascular neurosurgeries and complex revascularization operations, increased use of sophisticated intraoperative neurological monitors, and significant advances in neurocritical care, the scope of neuroanesthesia has also expanded tremendously. This has necessitated…
Introduction Neuroprotection describes strategies to protect neuronal elements against damage and impairment of neurologic function. One of the essentials of neuroanesthesia practice is to provide the patient with neuroprotective measures. It is hoped that these measures will reduce poor neurologic…
Intracranial Pressure Introduction Brain is enclosed in the skull which is ought to be a protective layer. However, the rigid skull can be damaging the brain in case of pathological lesion. The relationship between the skull contents was initially proposed…
Introduction The blood–brain barrier (BBB) maintains the brain parenchyma and blood components in separate compartments. In addition, by allowing glucose transport it helps fuel neuronal function. Maintenance of the integrity of this closed compartment comprises a dynamic combination of vascular,…
Embryology is a branch of science that is related to the formation, growth, and development of embryo. It deals with the prenatal stage of development beginning from formation of gametes, fertilization, formation of zygote, development of embryo and fetus to…
Acknowledgment I am thankful to Mr. Anil Kumar, a senior artist from SGPGIMS, Lucknow, for drawing all diagrams given in this chapter. Introduction Why should a well-established neuroanesthetist study clinical neuroanatomy? This question, albeit a vexing one, is very pertinent…