Introduction The world is getting grayer as a result of the improvements in technology and health care facilities. The burden of disease has increased with the mean age of the population as has the stress on overstretched health care resources…
Introduction Children can present for various intracranial surgeries, which include intracranial tumors, vascular malformations [arteriovenous (AV) malformations, Moyamoya disease], and spine surgeries (e.g., scoliosis, release of tethered cord, laminectomies, etc.). Neonates and infants can present for craniosynostosis correction, congenital hydrocephalus…
Overview Advances in neurosurgery and neuromonitoring have dramatically improved the outcome in neurologically injured patients. Most of these advanced technologies have been utilized in the adult population and have also been extrapolated to children with improved perioperative outcome. Pediatric neurosurgical…
Introduction Neurosurgical infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are not particularly common but have potentially serious consequences with poor outcomes including death. This chapter focuses on the antimicrobial treatment and prophylaxis of important infections associated with neurosurgical procedures and…
Introduction Neurological critical care has evolved rapidly over the past 25 years. A rational amalgamation of the science of critical care with developments in neurosciences has paved way for a modern neurological intensive care unit (ICU). Comprehensive general medical care…
Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a complex array of immunological/inflammatory cellular responses. Primary and secondary insults activate the release of cellular mediators including proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, free radicals, and complement activators. These processes induce chemokines and adhesion molecules, which…
Traumatic Brain Injury Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most common of serious, disabling neurological disorders. The consequences of trauma to the brain may be a wide variety of pathophysiological effects, a range of severities, and a multitude…
Introduction: The Road From X-Ray to Magnetic Resonance Imaging The field of radiology and diagnostic imaging (as it is referred to now) has progressed through some revolutionary scientific innovations in the past century. With every breakthrough, while the diagnostic capabilities…
Introduction Anesthesia for neuroradiology forms an important part of neuroanesthesia services. This entails adequate understanding of the 4 P s; patient, pathology, procedure, and periprocedural environment. Both the number and complexity of diagnostic and interventional cases performed in neuroradiology under…
Introduction Awake craniotomy is a procedure in which the patient is awake for some period of time to allow for neurological testing. This concept is not new and developed along with the concept of brain mapping, which was initially used…