Introduction Organ donation has matured into a viable therapeutic option within the past 60 years. While initial attempts at transplantation were quickly compromised by rejection, growing understanding of immunological mechanisms facilitated successful transplantation and attenuation of the host versus graft…
Part A: Brain Death Introduction Death has been traditionally defined as “irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions.” With rapid improvements in medical technology, it is possible to artificially support breathing and circulation by means of techniques like mechanical ventilation…
Postcraniotomy Pain Introduction The term headache relates to the discomfort in the region of the cranial vault. It is one of the most common painful states that afflict the mankind. Pain following craniotomy is not uncommon and mainly manifests as…
Crystalloid Fluids Crystalloid fluids are sterile water solutions that contain ionized electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, or small molecules, such as glucose and mannitol. The term “crystalloid” refers to the ability of the fluid to form crystals if left…
Introduction Fluid management in the perioperative period of a neurosurgical patient presents to the neuroanesthesiologist unique challenges. The aim of therapy is maintenance of normovolemia and as a result cerebral and spinal cord perfusion pressures; however, these patients may be…
Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) inducing a generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizure is established as an effective and safe treatment option for severe psychiatric disorders. Today, ECT is in worldwide use in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The main indications for ECT…
Neurological diseases affect the functions of the central nervous system (CNS) and the neuromuscular system. Preexisting CNS diseases have important implications regarding the selection of anesthetic drugs, techniques, monitoring, cerebral protection, and resuscitation of the patients. Neurological patients are more…
You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Introduction The term neuromuscular disorder encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting skeletal muscles due to abnormalities in nerve, neuromuscular junction (NMJ), ion channels, or metabolic derangements. The patients with neuromuscular disorders are of major concern to the neuroanesthesiologists and…
Introduction Diabetes mellitus as well as stress-related hyperglycemia in neurologically injured populations has shown association of hyperglycemia with various adverse outcomes such as a higher prevalence of perioperative complications including poor wound healing, extended hospital stay, and high mortality rates.…