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Key points Criteria exist to differentiate benign from malignant mediastinal lymph nodes, but used alone, these criteria are not sufficiently accurate. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) for cytopathologic evaluation is required to make sound clinical decisions. The overall accuracy…
KEY POINTS EUS is useful to stage newly diagnosed esophageal and gastric cancer with no metastatic disease on CT +/- PET – EUS is most accurate in distinguishing between T1-2 versus T3-4 disease, and in the staging of more advanced…
Esophagus Obtaining high-quality images of the esophageal wall is one of the more difficult tasks that an endosonographer will encounter. One has to deal with the “catch 22” that pits adequate coupling of the ultrasound signal to the esophageal wall…
Key points EUS has improved considerably in the past years through the development of real-time EUS elastography, contrast-enhanced EUS, and fusion EUS imaging. Real-time EUS elastography provides qualitative and semiquantitative data about tissue stiffness, possibly allowing differentiation of benign and…
Key points The primary indications for diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are cancer diagnosis and staging; assessment (usually combined with EUS fine-needle aspiration [FNA]) of lymph nodes; and evaluation for pancreatic disease, bile duct pathology, and subepithelial lesions of the gastrointestinal…
Key points Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an advanced endoscopic procedure that is operator dependent, and training in a structured program is required for the development of cognitive, technical, and integrative skills beyond those required for standard endoscopic procedures. The consensus…
Key points Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided interventions using the linear echoendoscope comprise a much larger space within EUS services; however, traditional radial EUS scopes and miniprobes are still required. Core biopsies have largely supplanted fine-needle aspiration for solid tissue. Obtaining…
Key points Ultrasound is mechanical energy in the form of vibrations that propagate through a medium such as tissue. Ultrasound interacts with tissue by undergoing absorption, reflection, refraction, and scattering and produces an image representative of tissue structure. Imaging artifacts…