Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a blockage of the lacrimal drainage system and the most common cause of persistent tearing and ocular discharge in infants and young children. The anatomic site of obstruction is an imperforate membrane at the…
Surgical Technique The endoscopic transnasal approach to the orbit usually starts with complete sphenoethmoidectomy and wide opening of the maxillary ostium to oversee the orbital floor. Then the papyraceus lamina is identified and resected, and the periobit is opened to…
Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with suspected orbital disease. Radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used in clinical practice. Each modality has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of…
The impact of intraorbital, intracranial, and sinus lesions on visual function and eye movement can be difficult to quantify. Imaging yields information on lesion location and possible etiology. The role of the neuro-ophthalmologist is to provide quantifiable measurements of the…
The orbit and lacrimal system is bounded by the paranasal sinuses, eyelids, temporal region, and intracranial fossa ( Figs. 7.1 and 7.2 ). The orbit contains all of the supporting structures of the eye and produces unique signs and symptoms…
Sinonasal Examination Examination and palpation of the external nose shows deformities and crepitation and confirms soft-tissue or firm masses. Transillumination of the frontal and maxillary sinuses is an unreliable maneuver. Anterior rhinoscopy can assess the anterior septum and inferior turbinates…
The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are intimately associated with the orbit, and as such frequently serve as an appropriate surgical corridor for endoscopic access to orbital pathology. For instance, the lamina papyracea, or the medial wall of the orbit,…
Anatomy of the Orbit Orbital Cavity The orbits are the bony spaces that divide the upper facial skeleton from the middle face. The bony walls of the orbit, a four-sided pyramid, consist of a mosaic of seven bones: the zygomatic…
Neurosurgical approaches to the orbit are often done with the aid of ophthalmologist or otolaryngologist, to address intraorbital lesions invading intracranial spaces or, more recently, to gain skull base exposure. Dandy first reported use of a frontotemporal craniotomy to resect…
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