The frontal sinus is commonly affected by inflammatory diseases, traumatic fractures, benign tumors, and malignant neoplasms. Because of its proximity to the brain, eye, and nose, disease processes originating from these anatomic sites can extend to involve the frontal sinuses.…
Right Orbital Subperiosteal Abscess Drainage Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) accounts for one-fifth of all adult and pediatric antibiotic prescriptions. Bacterial ARS can lead to orbital or intracranial infections by direct or hematogenous spread. If left untreated, this can result in permanent…
Endoscopic-Assisted Orbital Exenteration Malignant diseases involving the orbit can result in an incalculable amount of human suffering, as their natural course can progress to include bleeding, pain, disfigurement, blindness, and premature death ( Fig. 29.1 ). Orbital exenteration to treat…
Osseous tumors represent a broad range of pathologic conditions, which can be roughly categorized into fibro-osseous lesions, cartilaginous lesions, reactive bone lesions, and vascular lesions. Most of these entities are extremely rare in the craniofacial skeleton, and particularly in the…
Endoscopic orbital surgery represents a challenging arena for the endoscopic surgeon. The orbit is highly complex, with critical structures confined in a fat-filled, soft-tissue space, thereby limiting visibility, and restricting the necessary manipulation of muscles, nerves, and vessels required to…
The orbital apex is a small, cone-shaped region located between the posterior ethmoidal foramen anteriorly and the openings of the optic canal and superior orbital fissure posteriorly. It contains many critical neurovascular structures, including the optic, oculomotor, and abducens nerves,…
Orbital tumors encompass a heterogenous range of lesions, from congenital cystic masses to both benign and malignant neoplasms, and can originate from a variety of tissue types. In a large 30-year study of orbital tumors, 64% of masses were benign…
Endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base are classified by their orientation in the sagittal and coronal planes. The anterior coronal plane corresponds with the anterior cranial fossa and extends laterally from the midline sagittal corridor across the floor of…
Postoperative treatment of patients undergoing endoscopic orbital decompression (EOD) shares many similarities with that of patients who have standard functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Important distinctions that must be accounted for relate to the herniation of orbital contents into the nose…
Orbital decompression has been performed for more than 100 years and is aimed at decompressing the orbital content by partially removing its bony boundaries. It has evolved from a transfrontal orbital roof approach to the classical external transantral approach. The…