4.8.1 Introduction All antiepileptics pass into the milk, albeit in differing amounts. Babies who are breastfed during maternal antiepileptic treatment apparently develop just as well as those who are not breastfed. At least, that is what was reported in one…
Treatment with anticoagulants (heparin and derivatives), as well as with thrombin- and factor Xa-inhibitors, is acceptable during breastfeeding. Except for low dose acetylsalicylic acid, all other thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors should be used during lactation only if other alternatives are lacking.…
There are cardiovascular drugs and diuretics that can be used during pregnancy and lactation. The decision to continue these medications during lactation depends on many factors. Some of these factors include the well-being of the mother, the blood/milk barrier, the…
4.5.1 Maternal immunization A woman who has not received all the recommended immunizations before or during pregnancy may be immunized in the postpartum period even though she is breastfeeding. The presence of live viruses in the milk does not present…
With many antibiotics, a breastfed child receives less than 1% of the weight-related therapeutic dose when the mother is being treated. Thus only minimal concentrations – and in no case, bacteria-inhibiting concentrations – are achieved in the infant’s plasma. The…
Medications used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms are often prescribed during breastfeeding. However, there is little information describing the transfer into human milk for many of these drugs. Some of the gastrointestinal agents can be administrated during breastfeeding: antacids, sulcrafate, Helicobacter…
Second-generation antihistamines which have practically no sedative effect are compatible during breastfeeding. First-generation antihistamines with sedating action should be reserved during breastfeeding for special conditions. Should adverse effects such as restlessness or mild sedation occur, the consequences are to be…
Paracetamol and ibuprofen are the drugs of choice for treating pain and their use requires no limitation of breastfeeding. Continuous treatment with acetylsalicylic acid is not recommended and selective COX-2 inhibitors should be avoided because of limited experience on their…
3.1 The advantages of breastfeeding versus the risks of maternal medication No discussion of the risks of maternal medications can be undertaken without an understanding of the benefits of being breastfed for the child. Advantages to breastfeeding have been recognized…
It is ambitious to describe the risk assessment of occupational, industrial and environmental agents, since they are the sum total of all agents which are potentially capable of producing an effect, whether physical, chemical or biological. They are found everywhere…