Abbreviations 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, also known as calcidiol 1,25(OH) 2 D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, also known as calcitriol IOM Institute of Medicine UVB ultraviolet B SCI spinal cord injury VDR vitamin D receptor Introduction Based on data collected from the National…
List of abbreviations AGEs advanced glycation end products AD Alzheimer’s disease ACR acrylamide AKT protein kinase B APP amyloid precursor protein AQP4 astrocyte expressing aquaporin-4 ARE antioxidant response element α7nAChR alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor BBB blood-brain barrier Bax Bcl-2-associated X…
List of abbreviations AGP α1-acid glycoprotein AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase AQP4 aquaporin 4 BBB Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan ERKs extracellular signal-regulated kinases GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein GSK-3β glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta HO-1 hemeoxygenase 1 ICE interleukin 1β converting…
List of abbreviations SCI spinal cord injury CNS central nervous system AdV adenovirus HSV herpes simplex virus LV lentivirus AAV adeno-associated virus IM intramuscular IN intraneural IV intravenous IT intrathecal NGF nerve growth factor BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor NT neurotrophin…
Abbreviations ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor CNS central nervous system DNA deoxyribonucleic acid EMG electromyography ESC embryonic stem cell GABA gaba-aminobutyric acid iPSC induced-pluripotent stem cell ISNCSCI International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury MSC…
Abbreviations AGREE Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation HIIT high-intensity interval training MIT moderate-intensity continuous training NSCISC National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center SCI spinal cord injury SIT sprint interval training T2D type 2 diabetes VO 2 max maximal oxygen…
List of abbreviations COX cyclooxygenase GSH glutathione IL-1α interleukin-1α IL-1β interleukin-1β iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase L/D light/dark L/L light/light LPO lipid peroxidation MDA malondialdehyde MT melatonin NF-κB nuclear factor-κB NG-2 neuron/glial antigen 2 SCI spinal cord injury SOD superoxide…
Abbreviations 5-HTR 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7,8-DHF dihydroxyflavone Ac acetyl group AICAR 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide Akt protein kinase B AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase AP-1 activating protein 1 ATP adenosine triphosphate BSCB blood–spinal cord barrier cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate CNS central nervous system CO…
Abbreviations BBB blood brain barrier BMP bone morphogenetic protein CNS central nervous system CST corticospinal tract DCC deleted in colorectal cancer GPI glycosylphosphatidylinositol MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion MPTP 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine MS multiple sclerosis NMO neuromyelitis optica PD Parkinson’s disease RGC…
Abbreviations BCR brachioradialis BUE bilateral upper extremity EMG electromyography FCR flexor carpi radialis FCU flexor carpi ulnaris FDP flexor digitorum profundus FDS flexor digitorum superficialis ITB intrathecal baclofen OT occupational therapists PT physical therapists PWC power wheelchair ROM range of…